3D Geology – How?-This Way!
Overview
More than just a Picture
3D geological spatial models present an integrated view of surface and geological subsurface information. Meanwhile, efficient software tools allow high-performance modelling in different fields of geology, hydrogeology and environmental geology supporting a sustainable management of natural resources. An introduction to future oriented applications is given by some visualisations from the Dept. of Hydro- and Environmental Geology MLU Halle.
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To understand the subsurface geology the natural deep canyons of the Colorado Plateau give a deep insight view by natural erosion, explained in the Video.
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Geological Modelling in 3D
3D modelling in geology is based on subsurface data from boreholes, and /or seismic and geological maps. There are different strategies of model techniques, depending on the complexity of the regional geology. 2D Geological cross-sections are the first step to explore the subsurface geology on a regional scale. Based on geological maps of solid rock formations, such cross-sections can be drawn, as depicted in the impressive Animation from the landscape of Utah.
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3D geological modelling can be realized by different approaches of cross-section nets or geostatistical interpolation methods. A first introduction to the workflow of modelling by GSI3D shows the Video from BGS.
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Sedimentary rocks which are affected by faults and folds show a very complex internal structure. The 3d modelling of such complex structures needs specific techniques and software tools.
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Fascinating 3d geology from the Gonzen Ore Body, Swiss are given in the attached animations.
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Innovative 3D Visualization
Laser-Gravur-Modell der Stadt Halle (Saale)
3D geo-stripping
The geological subsurface of Bitterfeld
Applications in 3D Geo-Modelling
3d geology models are the future oriented base for subsequent hydrogeological and environmental modelling, as well as for geotechnical and GIS based spatial planning. The Conference Publication of the BGS shows the broad spectrum of different applications.
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Urban geology is another expending field of interest. 3D models can be used as a consistent data base as well as structural model for subsequent modelling of groundwater flow and transport. A first glance gives the animation of the 3d geology model of Halle City, Germany. The model covers 135 km2 and shows 24 individual layers.
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3D Geology Videos
Are the 3d models mostly based on borehole data, differed software tools are used. The linked video presentation from CTech (EVS & MVS) shows the individual stages of the modelling work flow as well as the different possibilities of visualizations of the subsurface.
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An impressive example of the virtual environment of subsurface geology from 3d models is presented in the Video of the BGS who use the digital information in his modern 3D Technology and Visualization Centre for geological Information in Nottingham.
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Further Reading
Stafleu, J. et al. (2008): 3D subsurface characterization of the Netherlands: results from stochastic modelling.- 2nd GSI3D Conference, BGS, PPT.
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Turner, K., Kessler, H. & Culshaw. M. (2008): Unlocking the potential of geological subsurface models for Engineers.- 2nd GSI3D Conference, BGS. PPT.
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Wycisk, P., Hubert, T., Gossel, W. & Neumann, Ch. (2009): High-resolution 3D spatial modelling of complex geological structures for an environmental risk assessment of abundant mining and industrial mega sites. Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 35, 1, 165-182.
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Wycisk, P. Hubert, T., Steinmetz, T., Gossel, W. (2007): 3D Modelling of complex geological structures and its relevance for numerical groundwater models – A Case Study.- REPOSAFE, International Congress: “Radioactive Waste Disposal in Geological For-mations“, Braunschweig, Proceedings, 285-295. [more…]
Wycisk, P. Gossel, W., Schlesier, D., Neumann, Ch. (2007): Integrated 3D modelling of subsurface geology and hydrogeology for urban groundwater management. – Int. Congress on New Directions in Urban Water Management, UNESCO Paris, 09/2007, Proceedings 1-8.
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Wycisk, P & Working Group Hydro- Environmental Geology: International Publications.
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